\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u5c0f\u80dc\u6765\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u89e3\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0a\u95ee\u9898\u3002DNA\u6307\u7eb9\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\uff0cDNA\u6307\u7eb9\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u7406\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n
1\u3001DNA\u6307\u7eb9\u6280\u672f\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff1a\u5c06\u9001\u68c0\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u68c0\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u6bdb\u53d1\u3001\u8840\u75d5\u3001\u7cbe\u6591\u3001\u4eba\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u767d\u9aa8\u7b49\uff0c\u628a\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u7684DNAnbsp;\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u9009\u7528\u4e0e\u63a2\u9488\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u6838\u9178\u5185\u5207\u9176\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u94feDNAnbsp;\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u52a0\u4ee5\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u4f7f\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684DNAnbsp;\u957f\u94fe\u5207\u77ed\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c0f\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5728\u80f6\u677f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u51dd\u80f6\u7535\u6cf3\u4eea\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u9176\u89e3\u5b8c\u5168\u540e\u7684DNAnbsp;\u7247\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u7535\u6cf3\uff0c\u5404\u9176\u5207\u7247\u6bb5\u5c31\u4f1a\u6309\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u5c0f\u5728\u7535\u573a\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u5148\u7528\u78b1\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4f7f\u51dd\u80f6\u677f\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\u53cc\u94feDNAnbsp;\u7247\u6bb5\u53d8\u6027\u4e3a\u5355\u94fe\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u51dd\u80f6\u677f\u5939\u5728\u5c3c\u9f99\u819c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u94feDNAnbsp;\u7247\u6bb5\u5370\u6e83(blot-ting)\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u5e76\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u5730\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u5c3c\u9f99\u819c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u8ba9\u653e\u5c04\u6027DNA\u63a2\u9488\u4e0e\u5c3c\u9f99\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u5355\u94feDNA\u7247\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5b50\u6742\u4ea4\u3002<\/p>\n
6\u3001\u7528\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u80f6\u7247\u4e0e\u5c3c\u9f99\u8584\u819c\u53e0\u653e\uff0c\u5c3c\u9f99\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u63a2\u9488\u4fbf\u4f1a\u53d1\u51faXnbsp;\u5c04\u7ebf\u4f7f\u80f6\u7247\u66dd\u5149\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6742\u4ea4\u6709\u63a2\u9488\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684DNA\u7247\u6bb5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u663e\u5f71\u5728\u80f6\u7247\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
7\u3001\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7279\u5f81nbsp;DNA\u7247\u6bb5\u6761\u72b6\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684DNA\u6307\u7eb9\u3002<\/p>\n
8\u30011nbsp;DNA\u6307\u7eb9\u56fe\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55nbsp;\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u9057\u4f20\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u9057\u4f20\u6807\u5fd7\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u9057\u4f20\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53c8\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u53d8\u5f02nbsp;\u6027(\u5373\u591a\u6001\u6027)\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n
9\u3001\u6709\u5173\u9057\u4f20\u591a\u6001\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3001\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cnbsp;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u9610\u660e\u67d0\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u75c5\u673a\u7406\u4e43\u81f3\u534f\u52a9\u8bca\u65ad\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8d77\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
10\u3001\u4f46\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u73b0\u578b\u3001\u751f\u7406\u7f3a\u9677\u578b\u3001\u540c\u5de5\u9176\u3001\u591a\u6001\u86cb\u767d\u7b49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9057\u4f20\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u7528\u95f4\u63a5\u5206\u6790\u6765\u63a8\u8bba\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u57fa\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
11\u3001nbsp;70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5185\u5207\u9176\u548c\u91cd\u7ec4\u4f53DNA\u6280\u672f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9057\u4f20\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8f6c\u5411DNA\u5206\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n
12\u3001\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u8574\u85cf\u5728DNA\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662fDNA\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64DNA\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n
13\u3001\u67d0\u4e9bDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u6027\u9176\u5207\u7247\u6bb5\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u6765\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7247\u6bb5\u957f\u5ea6\u591a\u6001\u6027(restrictionnbsp;fragmentnbsp;lengthnbsp;polymorphisms,RFLP),\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u70b9\u7a81\u53d8\u3001DNA\u91cd\u6392\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u7f3a\u5931\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u30141\u3015\u3002<\/p>\n
14\u3001\u968f\u7740\u5bf9RFLP\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u53d8\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5e8f\u5217\u2014\u2014\u9ad8\u53d8\u5f02DNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4f7fDNA\u9057\u4f20\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u98de\u8dc3\u3002<\/p>\n
15\u3001nbsp;1980\u5e74\uff0cWyman\u548cWhite\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7b49\u4f4d\u6027\u7684\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7c7bDNA\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n
16\u3001\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5728\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\u57fa\u56e0(Insulingene)\u76845\u2032\u7aef\u533a\u57df\u3001\u81f4\u764c\u57fa\u56e0(C-Harasnbsp;Inbsp;Oncogene)\u76843\u2032\u7aef\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6807\u5fd7(hypervariablenbsp;marker)\u3002<\/p>\n
17\u3001\u5728\u03b1-\u7403\u86cb\u767d(\u03b1-globin)\u57fa\u56e0\u7fa4\u5468\u56f4\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u30142\u3015\u3002<\/p>\n
18\u30011982\u5e74\uff0cBell\u7b49\u30143\u3015\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u533a\u57df\u4e32\u8054\u7740\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u77ed\u5e8f\u5217\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u5355\u4f4d\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u4e3a\u5c0f\u536b\u661f(minisatellite)\u6216\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u53d8\u533a\u57df(hypervariable)\u6216\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u4e32\u8054\u91cd\u590d(variablenbsp;numbernbsp;ofnbsp;tandemnbsp;repeats)\u3002<\/p>\n
19\u3001nbsp;1985\u5e74\uff0cJeffreysnbsp;\u7b49\u30144\u3015\u7528\u808c\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u57fa\u56e0\u7b2c\u4e00\u5185\u542b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4e32\u8054\u91cd\u590d\u5e8f\u5217(\u91cd\u590d\u5355\u4f4d\u542b33bp)\u4f5c\u63a2\u9488\uff0c\u4ece\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6587\u5e93\u4e2d\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa8\u4e2a\u542b\u6709\u4e32\u8054\u91cd\u590d\u5e8f\u5217(\u5c0f\u536b\u661f)\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u514b\u9686\u3002<\/p>\n
20\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd98\u4e2a\u5c0f\u536b\u661f\u91cd\u590d\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5e8f\u5217(corenbsp;sequence)\u5373GGCCAGGA\/GGG\u3002<\/p>\n
21\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u5c0f\u536b\u661f(polynbsp;coreminisatenbsp;-llite)33.6\u548c33.15\u63a2\u9488\u8fdb\u884csouthern\u6742\u4ea4\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u4e25\u8c28\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6742\u4ea4\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5305\u542b10\u591a\u6761\u5e26\u7684\u6742\u4ea4\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2a\u4f53\u6742\u4ea4\u56fe\u8c31\u4e0a\u5e26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c31\u8c61\u4eba\u7684\u6307\u7eb9\u4e00\u6837\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\uff0cJeffrey\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aDNA\u6307\u7eb9(DNAnbsp;fingerprint)\u30145\u3015\uff0c\u53c8\u540d\u9057\u4f20\u6307\u7eb9(geneticnbsp;fingerprint)\u3002<\/p>\n
22\u3001nbsp;RFLPnbsp;DNA\u6307\u7eb9\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u7531\u4e8e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7e41\u6742\u3001\u5468\u671f\u957f\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u9ad8\u7b49\u7f3a\u9677\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n
23\u30011990\u5e74\uff0cWilliams\u7b49\u30146\u3015\u9996\u6b21\u62a5\u9053\u4e86AP-PCR\u6280\u672f\uff0cWelsh\u548cMcCelland\u30147\u3015\u4ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7fDNA\u6307\u7eb9\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002<\/p>\n
24\u3001AP-PCR\u6280\u672f\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u968f\u610f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76841\u4e2a\u62162\u4e2a\u5f15\u7269\uff0c\u5bf9\u6a21\u677fDNA\u8fdb\u884cPCR\u6269\u589e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5148\u662f\u5728\u4f4e\u4e25\u683c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u9ad8Mg2+\u6d53\u5ea6(\u5927\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edfPCRnbsp;Mg2+\u6d53\u5ea61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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